Ages 14 to 22
Transition planning, staying in school to 22, what changes at 18, work and college, and why to get on waiver wait lists now.
The transition plan
By the first IEPIndividualized Education Program: a written plan for a child's special education services at school. in effect when your child turns 16 (earlier in some states), the IEP must include measurable goals for life after school and the services to reach them: training, education, work and, where needed, independent living.
Your child should be invited to the meeting. See when your state starts.
School can keep going to 22
Students with IEPs who have not earned a regular diploma can usually stay in school through age 21, and in some states to 22. A regular diploma ends the right to special education; a certificate usually does not.
Many districts run 18 to 22 programs in the community: job training, college classes, travel training and daily living skills.
What changes at 18
- Rights transfer from parents to the student at the age of majority in most states, usually 18. The school must tell you and your child at least a year ahead.
- Decision-making support: guardianship is not the only option. Ask about supported decision-making and powers of attorney.
- SSISupplemental Security Income: monthly payments from Social Security for people with disabilities who have low income and few savings.: at 18, parent income stops counting, and Social Security looks again under adult rules.
More on turning 18 and guardianship and its alternatives on IDD Atlas.
Work and college
Pre-employment transition services
Free job exploration, work-based learning and self-advocacy from your state's vocational rehabilitationA state agency that helps people with disabilities get ready for work, find a job, and keep it. Often called VR. (VR) agency, from about age 14.
Employment Atlas
VR, job coaches, benefits counseling and disability-friendly employers.
College programs (on Disability Atlas)
Inclusive college programs for students with intellectual disability, and disability services offices.
Start now: waiver wait lists
Adult services often come through Medicaid waivers, and many states have wait lists that take years. Apply during the school years, not at graduation. Waivers and wait lists on IDD Atlas.
Last reviewed: November 2026. Rules, programs and phone numbers change. Check with the office named on this page. Report outdated or wrong information.